2. Translating the Bible: An Ongoing Process

Bruce Metzger talks about translation philosophy and how Bible translations have changed over time.

Theories of translating the Bible

• Proverbs 13:15

Challenges of Translation

• Effort and dissatisfaction
• Nuances and choices in translation
• Cynic's view: "Art of making the right sacrifice"

Italian Proverb

• Translation seen as betrayal
• Ortega y Gasset's perspective: Misery and splendor

Special Difficulties in Bible Translation

• Accuracy and felicity
• Usability for different purposes and audiences
• Ideal versus reality

Theories of Translation

• Literal vs. free translation
• English style levels
• Cultural explanations
• Capitalization of deity pronouns
• Printing words of Christ in red

King James Version Preface

• Metaphors for translation
• Different theories: Exact expression vs. smooth readability
• Practical examples of translation variety

Reception of the King James Version

• Initial criticism and acceptance
• Pilgrims' preference for Geneva Bible
• Long-term acclaim

Edward Harwood's Translation

• Criticism of King James Version's language
• Elevated English style
• Example: Parable of the Prodigal Son

Noah Webster's Revision

• Aim: Remove obsolete words and correct grammar
• Changes: "Our Father who art in heaven," "Holy Spirit"
• Modern reprint

Revised Version (1881-1885)

• Effort to revise King James Version
• Inclusion of Free Church scholars and American opinions
• Examples of rejected suggestions
• Strong Greek but weak English criticism

American Standard Version (1901)

• American adaptations
• Use of "Jehovah"

Dynamic Equivalence Translation

• Developed by Dr. Eugene Nida
• Definition and opposite principle
• Example: Psalm 23:5

Today's English Version (1966)

• Produced by Dr. Robert Bratcher
• Good News for Modern Man

Contemporary English Version (1991)

• Bible for Today's Family
• Gender-inclusive language

Paraphrases

• Difference from literal translation
• Example: Kenneth Taylor's Living Bible
• British vs. American editions

Modern English Translations

• Examples and features
• Subsidiary questions in translation
• Capitalization of deity pronouns
• Red ink for Christ's words

Conclusion

• Quote: Anglican Archbishop of Dublin, Richard Whately
• Perspective on translations: Translation vs. the original Bible
• King James translators' affirmation
• Responsible translations as the Word of God

Closing Prayer

• Benediction: Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, love of God, communion of the Holy Spirit

*The above summary is AI-generated, so discrepancies may exist. Please refer to the audio or video file to verify accuracy.